Forestry, fishing, aquaculture, and tourism play a significant role in rural economies by generating local employment, diversifying community income, and contributing to food security. However, their relative importance varies considerably among countries: the forestry sector is highly developed in the Southern Cone, fishing is prominent in some Andean countries, aquaculture is predominant in Ecuador, and in several Caribbean countries, tourism can account for a significant share of GDP. This chapter examines the role of these sectors in the region’s economies, as well as their role in rural areas. It also identifies the main challenges and opportunities facing these sectors and analyzes policies aimed at strengthening their contribution to local development, highlighting successful experiences in LAC countries.