This chapter examines the increase in public spending managed by subnational governments in Latin America. The diversity in per capita spending is highlighted, which tends to decrease with the increase in population. Subnational debt is addressed, focusing on financial sustainability rules. The importance of spending floors in key areas such as health and education is mentioned, as well as efficiency in subnational public procurement and the relevance of audits and results-based financing to enhance the transparency and effectiveness of public spending.