International coordination in climate and biodiversity policy is necessary because both are issues where the actions of each country affect others. Over the decades, various initiatives have emerged to coordinate these efforts, yet atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and biodiversity loss have continued to rise. This chapter discusses the key challenges and points of interest for international coordination in these areas. To provide context, it first outlines the evolution of cooperation in recent decades. This historical review reveals that despite the interaction between climate change and biodiversity conservation as natural phenomena, negotiation and coordination channels on these issues have evolved independently. This calls for a separate analysis of each case while considering the connection between climate and biodiversity when contemplating specific policies and actions.