The impacts of climate change are far-reaching and affect all economic sectors. In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), economies rely heavily on natural resources, with agriculture and tourism being particularly vulnerable to climate variability. As temperatures rise and climate patterns become more extreme and unpredictable, these sectors face increasing challenges to avoid productivity losses, cost increases, and ultimately, competitiveness declines. Additionally, the effects of climate change on infrastructure, due to the increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events and rising sea levels, also pose significant economic challenges across all sectors. The magnitude of these challenges is reflected, at least in part, in the climate change vulnerability index for the region developed by CAF (2014). This index consists of the risk of exposure to climate change and extreme events, human sensitivity to this exposure, and a country’s capacity to adapt or take advantage of potential climate changes. This indicator reveals the great heterogeneity of climate change impacts in the region and highlights the high risk faced by countries in Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, and the northern and central regions of South America.